This paper was written as an outline to a two-part class I gave to the youth in our church.
ORDO SALUTIS
Ordo salutis (AKA the order of salvation) is a hotly disputed doctrine between different theological traditions. This lesson will cover the generally accepted Reformed view of the ordo salutis, which is held, generally, by Reformed Baptists, Presbyterians, and other Reformed denominations. This view is strongly scriptural and supports many other areas of Reformed theology. The order is typically stated in this way: Regeneration/Calling, Conversion (Repentance and Faith), Justification, Adoption, Sanctification, and Glorification.
This paper is a short summary of the ordo salutis. It is not meant to be an exhaustive discussion of each individual point, but rather it is a demonstration of the order and distinctions of the main points of the doctrine. There have been libraries of books written on each point covered here. Wayne Grudem’s “Systematic Theology” is the main text I used for reference. All scripture references are from the NASB translation.
1.Regeneration/Calling
Theologians speak of calling in two ways: external or general call and internal or effectual call. The former refers to the preaching of the Gospel and the command to all people to repent and believe in Christ (Acts 17:30,31). The ordo salutis is concerned with effectual call in particular. The effectual call of God is that work of the Holy Spirit in which a lost man is irresistibly drawn to Christ and united to him in faith.(John 6:37-40,44 Eph. 2:5). Sometimes theologians will include regeneration, conversion, justification, and adoption in the discussion of calling, so we will focus on regeneration in particular.
Regeneration is the spiritual transformation wrought in a man by the Holy Spirit that causes him to move from spiritual death to spiritual life. Regeneration is spoken of by Christ in John 3, when he speaks of being “born again”. There is no salvation without regeneration, so “Jesus answered and said to him, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.’” John 3:3
In his letter to Titus, the apostle Paul said, “He saved us, not on the basis of deeds which we have done in righteousness, but according to His mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit,” Titus 3:5. This refutes the idea, held by many, that the new birth follows repentance and faith. Repentance and faith are works done by us, albeit given to us as gracious gifts by God (See Acts 11:18, Heb. 12:2, Rom. 12:3) and therefore, would fall into the category of “deeds done in righteousness”. Regeneration must by necessity occur before anyone can express repentance or faith because they must understand their spiritual condition and this is not possible according to Paul. “But a natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised.” 1 Cor. 2:14
2.Conversion(Repentance and Faith)
Both repentance and faith are gifts that God grants to His elect people, and are not exercised by anyone who is not effectually called of God and regenerate. Repentance refers to the turning away from sin and faith refers to turning towards Christ. They are two sides of the same coin and cannot be separated. Christ stands alone as the solution to our sin. One cannot turn to Christ without turning from sin. It is serious error to say that someone can have saving faith with no repentance.
Scripture speaks of worldly (attrition) and Godly (contrition) repentance. A worldly repentance is typically characterized by sorrow over the consequences for the sin committed, but no concern for the offense against God, other than fear of punishment. Judas and Esau are biblical examples of worldly repentance. A Godly repentance is characterized by a sorrow for offending God, primarily. Psalm 51 is an excellent example of King David expressing Godly repentance. Notice that there is no blame shifting involved in David’s pleas to God for forgiveness! True repentance will never involve downplaying, blame shifting, or attempts to excuse our crimes against God. The Christian has no reason to fear punishment, so fear, while possibly present, should not be the driving factor in Godly repentance, but the kindness of God in saving us should cause us to never want to offend Him.
Faith is described in Hebrews 11:1 as “...the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.” Faith is, simply put, trusting that Christ is who He said He is, did what He said He would do, and will do what He said He will do. Putting your faith in Christ is essential to salvation, "And there is salvation in no one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given among men by which we must be saved." Acts 4:12.
The act of faith is the means through which justification comes to the believer. “For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. For what does the Scripture say? "ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS." Now to the one who works, his wage is not credited as a favor, but as what is due. But to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness,” Rom. 4:2-5
3.Justification